Optimize asset references to support direct registration to reduce Delegate memory allocations and overhead

Source/Engine/AI/Behavior.cpp

@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ void BehaviorService::Dispose()
 
 Behavior::Behavior(const SpawnParams& params)
     : Script(params)
+    , Tree(this)
 {
     _knowledge.Behavior = this;
-    Tree.Changed.Bind<Behavior, &Behavior::ResetLogic>(this);
 }
 
 void Behavior::UpdateAsync()
@@ -175,6 +175,19 @@ void Behavior::OnDisable()
     BehaviorServiceInstance.UpdateList.Remove(this);
 }
 
+void Behavior::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    ResetLogic();
+}
+
+void Behavior::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
+void Behavior::OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
 #if USE_EDITOR
 
 bool Behavior::GetNodeDebugRelevancy(const BehaviorTreeNode* node, const Behavior* behavior)

Source/Engine/AI/Behavior.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 /// <summary>
 /// Behavior instance script that runs Behavior Tree execution.
 /// </summary>
-API_CLASS(Attributes="Category(\"Flax Engine\")") class FLAXENGINE_API Behavior : public Script
+API_CLASS(Attributes="Category(\"Flax Engine\")") class FLAXENGINE_API Behavior : public Script, private IAssetReference
 {
     API_AUTO_SERIALIZATION();
     DECLARE_SCRIPTING_TYPE(Behavior);
@@ -92,6 +92,11 @@ public:
     void OnDisable() override;
 
 private:
+    // [IAssetReference]
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+
 #if USE_EDITOR
     // Editor-only utilities to debug nodes state.
     API_FUNCTION(Internal) static bool GetNodeDebugRelevancy(const BehaviorTreeNode* node, const Behavior* behavior);

Source/Engine/Audio/AudioSource.cpp

@@ -21,9 +21,8 @@ AudioSource::AudioSource(const SpawnParams& params)
     , _playOnStart(false)
     , _startTime(0.0f)
     , _allowSpatialization(true)
+    , Clip(this)
 {
-    Clip.Changed.Bind<AudioSource, &AudioSource::OnClipChanged>(this);
-    Clip.Loaded.Bind<AudioSource, &AudioSource::OnClipLoaded>(this);
 }
 
 void AudioSource::SetVolume(float value)
@@ -264,7 +263,7 @@ void AudioSource::RequestStreamingBuffersUpdate()
     _needToUpdateStreamingBuffers = true;
 }
 
-void AudioSource::OnClipChanged()
+void AudioSource::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
 {
     Stop();
 
@@ -276,7 +275,7 @@ void AudioSource::OnClipChanged()
     }
 }
 
-void AudioSource::OnClipLoaded()
+void AudioSource::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
 {
     if (!SourceID)
         return;
@@ -302,6 +301,10 @@ void AudioSource::OnClipLoaded()
     }
 }
 
+void AudioSource::OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
 bool AudioSource::UseStreaming() const
 {
     if (Clip == nullptr || Clip->WaitForLoaded())

Source/Engine/Audio/AudioSource.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 /// Whether or not an audio source is spatial is controlled by the assigned AudioClip.The volume and the pitch of a spatial audio source is controlled by its position and the AudioListener's position/direction/velocity.
 /// </remarks>
 API_CLASS(Attributes="ActorContextMenu(\"New/Audio/Audio Source\"), ActorToolbox(\"Other\")")
-class FLAXENGINE_API AudioSource : public Actor
+class FLAXENGINE_API AudioSource : public Actor, IAssetReference
 {
     DECLARE_SCENE_OBJECT(AudioSource);
     friend class AudioStreamingHandler;
@@ -293,8 +293,10 @@ public:
     void RequestStreamingBuffersUpdate();
 
 private:
-    void OnClipChanged();
+    // [IAssetReference]
-    void OnClipLoaded();
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Plays the audio source. Should have buffer(s) binded before.

Source/Engine/Content/Asset.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "Engine/Core/Log.h"
 #include "Engine/Core/LogContext.h"
 #include "Engine/Profiler/ProfilerCPU.h"
+#include "Engine/Profiler/ProfilerMemory.h"
 #include "Engine/Scripting/ManagedCLR/MCore.h"
 #include "Engine/Threading/MainThreadTask.h"
 #include "Engine/Threading/ThreadLocal.h"
@@ -34,15 +35,18 @@ bool ContentDeprecated::Clear(bool newValue)
 
 #endif
 
+AssetReferenceBase::AssetReferenceBase(IAssetReference* owner)
+    : _owner(owner)
+{
+}
+
 AssetReferenceBase::~AssetReferenceBase()
 {
     Asset* asset = _asset;
     if (asset)
     {
         _asset = nullptr;
-        asset->OnLoaded.Unbind<AssetReferenceBase, &AssetReferenceBase::OnLoaded>(this);
+        asset->RemoveReference(this);
-        asset->OnUnloaded.Unbind<AssetReferenceBase, &AssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
-        asset->RemoveReference();
     }
 }
 
@@ -51,52 +55,60 @@ String AssetReferenceBase::ToString() const
     return _asset ? _asset->ToString() : TEXT("<null>");
 }
 
+void AssetReferenceBase::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    if (_owner)
+        _owner->OnAssetChanged(asset, this);
+}
+
+void AssetReferenceBase::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    if (_asset != asset)
+        return;
+    Loaded();
+    if (_owner)
+        _owner->OnAssetLoaded(asset, this);
+}
+
+void AssetReferenceBase::OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    if (_asset != asset)
+        return;
+    Unload();
+    OnSet(nullptr);
+    if (_owner)
+        _owner->OnAssetUnloaded(asset, this);
+}
+
 void AssetReferenceBase::OnSet(Asset* asset)
 {
     auto e = _asset;
     if (e != asset)
     {
         if (e)
-        {
+            e->RemoveReference(this);
-            e->OnLoaded.Unbind<AssetReferenceBase, &AssetReferenceBase::OnLoaded>(this);
-            e->OnUnloaded.Unbind<AssetReferenceBase, &AssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
-            e->RemoveReference();
-        }
         _asset = e = asset;
         if (e)
-        {
+            e->AddReference(this);
-            e->AddReference();
-            e->OnLoaded.Bind<AssetReferenceBase, &AssetReferenceBase::OnLoaded>(this);
-            e->OnUnloaded.Bind<AssetReferenceBase, &AssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
-        }
         Changed();
+        if (_owner)
+            _owner->OnAssetChanged(asset, this);
         if (e && e->IsLoaded())
+        {
             Loaded();
+            if (_owner)
+                _owner->OnAssetLoaded(asset, this);
+        }
     }
 }
 
-void AssetReferenceBase::OnLoaded(Asset* asset)
-{
-    if (_asset != asset)
-        return;
-    Loaded();
-}
-
-void AssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded(Asset* asset)
-{
-    if (_asset != asset)
-        return;
-    Unload();
-    OnSet(nullptr);
-}
-
 WeakAssetReferenceBase::~WeakAssetReferenceBase()
 {
     Asset* asset = _asset;
     if (asset)
     {
         _asset = nullptr;
-        asset->OnUnloaded.Unbind<WeakAssetReferenceBase, &WeakAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
+        asset->RemoveReference(this, true);
     }
 }
 
@@ -105,36 +117,43 @@ String WeakAssetReferenceBase::ToString() const
     return _asset ? _asset->ToString() : TEXT("<null>");
 }
 
+void WeakAssetReferenceBase::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
+void WeakAssetReferenceBase::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
+void WeakAssetReferenceBase::OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    if (_asset != asset)
+        return;
+    Unload();
+    asset->RemoveReference(this, true);
+    _asset = nullptr;
+}
+
 void WeakAssetReferenceBase::OnSet(Asset* asset)
 {
     auto e = _asset;
     if (e != asset)
     {
         if (e)
-            e->OnUnloaded.Unbind<WeakAssetReferenceBase, &WeakAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
+            e->RemoveReference(this, true);
         _asset = e = asset;
         if (e)
-            e->OnUnloaded.Bind<WeakAssetReferenceBase, &WeakAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
+            e->AddReference(this, true);
     }
 }
 
-void WeakAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded(Asset* asset)
-{
-    if (_asset != asset)
-        return;
-    Unload();
-    asset->OnUnloaded.Unbind<WeakAssetReferenceBase, &WeakAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
-    _asset = nullptr;
-}
-
 SoftAssetReferenceBase::~SoftAssetReferenceBase()
 {
     Asset* asset = _asset;
     if (asset)
     {
         _asset = nullptr;
-        asset->OnUnloaded.Unbind<SoftAssetReferenceBase, &SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
+        asset->RemoveReference(this);
-        asset->RemoveReference();
     }
 #if !BUILD_RELEASE
     _id = Guid::Empty;
@@ -146,22 +165,34 @@ String SoftAssetReferenceBase::ToString() const
     return _asset ? _asset->ToString() : (_id.IsValid() ? _id.ToString() : TEXT("<null>"));
 }
 
+void SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
+void SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
+void SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    if (_asset != asset)
+        return;
+    _asset->RemoveReference(this);
+    _asset = nullptr;
+    _id = Guid::Empty;
+    Changed();
+}
+
 void SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnSet(Asset* asset)
 {
     if (_asset == asset)
         return;
     if (_asset)
-    {
+        _asset->RemoveReference(this);
-        _asset->OnUnloaded.Unbind<SoftAssetReferenceBase, &SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
-        _asset->RemoveReference();
-    }
     _asset = asset;
     _id = asset ? asset->GetID() : Guid::Empty;
     if (asset)
-    {
+        asset->AddReference(this);
-        asset->AddReference();
-        asset->OnUnloaded.Bind<SoftAssetReferenceBase, &SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
-    }
     Changed();
 }
 
@@ -170,10 +201,7 @@ void SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnSet(const Guid& id)
     if (_id == id)
         return;
     if (_asset)
-    {
+        _asset->RemoveReference(this);
-        _asset->OnUnloaded.Unbind<SoftAssetReferenceBase, &SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
-        _asset->RemoveReference();
-    }
     _asset = nullptr;
     _id = id;
     Changed();
@@ -184,21 +212,7 @@ void SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnResolve(const ScriptingTypeHandle& type)
     ASSERT(!_asset);
     _asset = ::LoadAsset(_id, type);
     if (_asset)
-    {
+        _asset->AddReference(this);
-        _asset->OnUnloaded.Bind<SoftAssetReferenceBase, &SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
-        _asset->AddReference();
-    }
-}
-
-void SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded(Asset* asset)
-{
-    if (_asset != asset)
-        return;
-    _asset->RemoveReference();
-    _asset->OnUnloaded.Unbind<SoftAssetReferenceBase, &SoftAssetReferenceBase::OnUnloaded>(this);
-    _asset = nullptr;
-    _id = Guid::Empty;
-    Changed();
 }
 
 Asset::Asset(const SpawnParams& params, const AssetInfo* info)
@@ -216,6 +230,41 @@ int32 Asset::GetReferencesCount() const
     return (int32)Platform::AtomicRead(const_cast<int64 volatile*>(&_refCount));
 }
 
+void Asset::AddReference()
+{
+    Platform::InterlockedIncrement(&_refCount);
+}
+
+void Asset::AddReference(IAssetReference* ref, bool week)
+{
+    if (!week)
+        Platform::InterlockedIncrement(&_refCount);
+    if (ref)
+    {
+        //PROFILE_MEM(EngineDelegate); // Include references tracking memory within Delegate memory
+        Locker.Lock();
+        _references.Add(ref);
+        Locker.Unlock();
+    }
+}
+
+void Asset::RemoveReference()
+{
+    Platform::InterlockedDecrement(&_refCount);
+}
+
+void Asset::RemoveReference(IAssetReference* ref, bool week)
+{
+    if (ref)
+    {
+        Locker.Lock();
+        _references.Remove(ref);
+        Locker.Unlock();
+    }
+    if (!week)
+        Platform::InterlockedDecrement(&_refCount);
+}
+
 String Asset::ToString() const
 {
     return String::Format(TEXT("{0}, {1}, {2}"), GetTypeName(), GetID(), GetPath());
@@ -354,6 +403,7 @@ uint64 Asset::GetMemoryUsage() const
     if (Platform::AtomicRead(&_loadingTask))
         result += sizeof(ContentLoadTask);
     result += (OnLoaded.Capacity() + OnReloading.Capacity() + OnUnloaded.Capacity()) * sizeof(EventType::FunctionType);
+    result += _references.Capacity() * sizeof(HashSet<IAssetReference*>::Bucket);
     Locker.Unlock();
     return result;
 }
@@ -628,6 +678,8 @@ void Asset::onLoaded_MainThread()
     ASSERT(IsInMainThread());
 
     // Send event
+    for (const auto& e : _references)
+        e.Item->OnAssetLoaded(this, this);
     OnLoaded(this);
 }
 
@@ -641,6 +693,8 @@ void Asset::onUnload_MainThread()
     CancelStreaming();
 
     // Send event
+    for (const auto& e : _references)
+        e.Item->OnAssetUnloaded(this, this);
     OnUnloaded(this);
 }
 

Source/Engine/Content/Asset.h

@@ -18,6 +18,18 @@
 	public: \
 	explicit type(const SpawnParams& params, const AssetInfo* info)
 
+// Utility interface for objects that reference asset and want to get notified about asset reference changes.
+class FLAXENGINE_API IAssetReference
+{
+public:
+    // Asset reference got changed.
+    virtual void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) = 0;
+    // Asset got loaded.
+    virtual void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) = 0;
+    // Asset gets unloaded.
+    virtual void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) = 0;
+};
+
 /// <summary>
 /// Asset objects base class.
 /// </summary>
@@ -48,6 +60,8 @@ protected:
     int8 _deleteFileOnUnload : 1; // Indicates that asset source file should be removed on asset unload
     int8 _isVirtual : 1; // Indicates that asset is pure virtual (generated or temporary, has no storage so won't be saved)
 
+    HashSet<IAssetReference*> _references;
+
 public:
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Asset"/> class.
@@ -88,18 +102,22 @@ public:
     /// <summary>
     /// Adds reference to that asset.
     /// </summary>
-    FORCE_INLINE void AddReference()
+    void AddReference();
-    {
+
-        Platform::InterlockedIncrement(&_refCount);
+    /// <summary>
-    }
+    /// Adds reference to that asset.
+    /// </summary>
+    void AddReference(IAssetReference* ref, bool week = false);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Removes reference from that asset.
     /// </summary>
-    FORCE_INLINE void RemoveReference()
+    void RemoveReference();
-    {
+
-        Platform::InterlockedDecrement(&_refCount);
+    /// <summary>
-    }
+    /// Removes reference from that asset.
+    /// </summary>
+    void RemoveReference(IAssetReference* ref, bool week = false);
 
 public:
     /// <summary>

Source/Engine/Content/AssetReference.h

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 /// <summary>
 /// Asset reference utility. Keeps reference to the linked asset object and handles load/unload events.
 /// </summary>
-class FLAXENGINE_API AssetReferenceBase
+class FLAXENGINE_API AssetReferenceBase : public IAssetReference
 {
 protected:
     Asset* _asset = nullptr;
+    IAssetReference* _owner = nullptr;
 
 public:
     /// <summary>
@@ -36,6 +37,12 @@ public:
     /// </summary>
     AssetReferenceBase() = default;
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AssetReferenceBase"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="owner">The reference owner to keep notified about asset changes.</param>
+    AssetReferenceBase(IAssetReference* owner);
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Finalizes an instance of the <see cref="AssetReferenceBase"/> class.
     /// </summary>
@@ -63,10 +70,14 @@ public:
     /// </summary>
     String ToString() const;
 
+public:
+    // [IAssetReference]
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+
 protected:
     void OnSet(Asset* asset);
-    void OnLoaded(Asset* asset);
-    void OnUnloaded(Asset* asset);
 };
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -87,6 +98,13 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AssetReference"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    explicit AssetReference(decltype(__nullptr))
+    {
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AssetReference"/> class.
     /// </summary>
@@ -96,6 +114,15 @@ public:
         OnSet((Asset*)asset);
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AssetReference"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="owner">The reference owner to keep notified about asset changes.</param>
+    explicit AssetReference(IAssetReference* owner)
+        : AssetReferenceBase(owner)
+    {
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="AssetReference"/> class.
     /// </summary>

Source/Engine/Content/JsonAssetReference.h

@@ -19,6 +19,15 @@ API_STRUCT(NoDefault, Template, MarshalAs=JsonAsset*) struct JsonAssetReference
         OnSet(asset);
     }
 
+    explicit JsonAssetReference(decltype(__nullptr))
+    {
+    }
+
+    explicit JsonAssetReference(IAssetReference* owner)
+        : AssetReference<JsonAsset>(owner)
+    {
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Gets the deserialized native object instance of the given type. Returns null if asset is not loaded or loaded object has different type.
     /// </summary>

Source/Engine/Content/SoftAssetReference.h

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 /// <summary>
 /// The asset soft reference. Asset gets referenced (loaded) on actual use (ID reference is resolving it).
 /// </summary>
-class FLAXENGINE_API SoftAssetReferenceBase
+class FLAXENGINE_API SoftAssetReferenceBase : public IAssetReference
 {
 protected:
     Asset* _asset = nullptr;
@@ -46,11 +46,16 @@ public:
     /// </summary>
     String ToString() const;
 
+public:
+    // [IAssetReference]
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+
 protected:
     void OnSet(Asset* asset);
     void OnSet(const Guid& id);
     void OnResolve(const ScriptingTypeHandle& type);
-    void OnUnloaded(Asset* asset);
 };
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -71,6 +76,13 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SoftAssetReference"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    explicit SoftAssetReference(decltype(__nullptr))
+    {
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SoftAssetReference"/> class.
     /// </summary>

Source/Engine/Content/WeakAssetReference.h

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 /// <summary>
 /// Asset reference utility that doesn't add reference to that asset. Handles asset unload event.
 /// </summary>
-API_CLASS(InBuild) class WeakAssetReferenceBase
+API_CLASS(InBuild) class WeakAssetReferenceBase : public IAssetReference
 {
 public:
     typedef Delegate<> EventType;
@@ -56,9 +56,14 @@ public:
     /// </summary>
     String ToString() const;
 
+public:
+    // [IAssetReference]
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+
 protected:
     void OnSet(Asset* asset);
-    void OnUnloaded(Asset* asset);
 };
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -72,7 +77,13 @@ public:
     /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WeakAssetReference"/> class.
     /// </summary>
     WeakAssetReference()
-        : WeakAssetReferenceBase()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="WeakAssetReference"/> class.
+    /// </summary>
+    explicit WeakAssetReference(decltype(__nullptr))
     {
     }
 
@@ -81,7 +92,6 @@ public:
     /// </summary>
     /// <param name="asset">The asset to set.</param>
     WeakAssetReference(T* asset)
-        : WeakAssetReferenceBase()
     {
         OnSet(asset);
     }

Source/Engine/Level/Actors/AnimatedModel.cpp

@@ -27,16 +27,13 @@ AnimatedModel::AnimatedModel(const SpawnParams& params)
     , _counter(0)
     , _lastMinDstSqr(MAX_Real)
     , _lastUpdateFrame(0)
+    , SkinnedModel(this)
+    , AnimationGraph(this)
 {
     _drawCategory = SceneRendering::SceneDrawAsync;
     GraphInstance.Object = this;
     _box = BoundingBox(Vector3::Zero);
     _sphere = BoundingSphere(Vector3::Zero, 0.0f);
-
-    SkinnedModel.Changed.Bind<AnimatedModel, &AnimatedModel::OnSkinnedModelChanged>(this);
-    SkinnedModel.Loaded.Bind<AnimatedModel, &AnimatedModel::OnSkinnedModelLoaded>(this);
-    AnimationGraph.Changed.Bind<AnimatedModel, &AnimatedModel::OnGraphChanged>(this);
-    AnimationGraph.Loaded.Bind<AnimatedModel, &AnimatedModel::OnGraphLoaded>(this);
 }
 
 AnimatedModel::~AnimatedModel()
@@ -889,6 +886,26 @@ void AnimatedModel::OnGraphLoaded()
     SyncParameters();
 }
 
+void AnimatedModel::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    if (caller == &SkinnedModel)
+        OnSkinnedModelChanged();
+    else if (caller == &AnimationGraph)
+        OnGraphChanged();
+}
+
+void AnimatedModel::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    if (caller == &SkinnedModel)
+        OnSkinnedModelLoaded();
+    else if (caller == &AnimationGraph)
+        OnGraphLoaded();
+}
+
+void AnimatedModel::OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
 bool AnimatedModel::HasContentLoaded() const
 {
     return (SkinnedModel == nullptr || SkinnedModel->IsLoaded()) && Entries.HasContentLoaded();

Source/Engine/Level/Actors/AnimatedModel.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 /// Performs an animation and renders a skinned model.
 /// </summary>
 API_CLASS(Attributes="ActorContextMenu(\"New/Animation/Animated Model\"), ActorToolbox(\"Visuals\")")
-class FLAXENGINE_API AnimatedModel : public ModelInstanceActor
+class FLAXENGINE_API AnimatedModel : public ModelInstanceActor, IAssetReference
 {
     DECLARE_SCENE_OBJECT(AnimatedModel);
     friend class AnimationsSystem;
@@ -422,6 +422,11 @@ private:
     void OnGraphChanged();
     void OnGraphLoaded();
 
+    // [IAssetReference]
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+
 public:
     // [ModelInstanceActor]
     bool HasContentLoaded() const override;

Source/Engine/Level/Actors/Sky.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ GPU_CB_STRUCT(Data {
 
 Sky::Sky(const SpawnParams& params)
     : Actor(params)
-    , _shader(nullptr)
     , _psSky(nullptr)
     , _psFog(nullptr)
 {

Source/Engine/Level/Actors/StaticModel.cpp

@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@ StaticModel::StaticModel(const SpawnParams& params)
     , _vertexColorsDirty(false)
     , _vertexColorsCount(0)
     , _sortOrder(0)
+    , Model(this)
 {
     _drawCategory = SceneRendering::SceneDrawAsync;
-    Model.Changed.Bind<StaticModel, &StaticModel::OnModelChanged>(this);
-    Model.Loaded.Bind<StaticModel, &StaticModel::OnModelLoaded>(this);
 }
 
 StaticModel::~StaticModel()
@@ -224,7 +223,7 @@ void StaticModel::RemoveVertexColors()
     _vertexColorsDirty = false;
 }
 
-void StaticModel::OnModelChanged()
+void StaticModel::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
 {
     if (_residencyChangedModel)
     {
@@ -241,7 +240,7 @@ void StaticModel::OnModelChanged()
         GetSceneRendering()->RemoveActor(this, _sceneRenderingKey);
 }
 
-void StaticModel::OnModelLoaded()
+void StaticModel::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
 {
     Entries.SetupIfInvalid(Model);
     UpdateBounds();
@@ -316,6 +315,10 @@ void StaticModel::FlushVertexColors()
     RenderContext::GPULocker.Unlock();
 }
 
+void StaticModel::OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
 bool StaticModel::HasContentLoaded() const
 {
     return (Model == nullptr || Model->IsLoaded()) && Entries.HasContentLoaded();

Source/Engine/Level/Actors/StaticModel.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 /// Renders model on the screen.
 /// </summary>
 API_CLASS(Attributes="ActorContextMenu(\"New/Model\"), ActorToolbox(\"Visuals\")")
-class FLAXENGINE_API StaticModel : public ModelInstanceActor
+class FLAXENGINE_API StaticModel : public ModelInstanceActor, IAssetReference
 {
     DECLARE_SCENE_OBJECT(StaticModel);
 private:
@@ -154,11 +154,14 @@ public:
     API_FUNCTION() void RemoveVertexColors();
 
 private:
-    void OnModelChanged();
-    void OnModelLoaded();
     void OnModelResidencyChanged();
     void FlushVertexColors();
 
+    // [IAssetReference]
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+
 public:
     // [ModelInstanceActor]
     bool HasContentLoaded() const override;

Source/Engine/Navigation/NavMesh.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 NavMesh::NavMesh(const SpawnParams& params)
     : Actor(params)
     , IsDataDirty(false)
+    , DataAsset(this)
 {
-    DataAsset.Loaded.Bind<NavMesh, &NavMesh::OnDataAssetLoaded>(this);
 }
 
 void NavMesh::SaveNavMesh()
@@ -100,7 +100,11 @@ void NavMesh::RemoveTiles()
         navMesh->RemoveTiles(this);
 }
 
-void NavMesh::OnDataAssetLoaded()
+void NavMesh::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
+void NavMesh::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
 {
     // Skip if already has data (prevent reloading navmesh on saving)
     if (Data.Tiles.HasItems())
@@ -126,6 +130,10 @@ void NavMesh::OnDataAssetLoaded()
     }
 }
 
+void NavMesh::OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
 void NavMesh::Serialize(SerializeStream& stream, const void* otherObj)
 {
     // Base

Source/Engine/Navigation/NavMesh.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class NavMeshRuntime;
 /// The navigation mesh actor that holds a navigation data for a scene.
 /// </summary>
 API_CLASS(Attributes="ActorContextMenu(\"New/Navigation/Nav Mesh\")") 
-class FLAXENGINE_API NavMesh : public Actor
+class FLAXENGINE_API NavMesh : public Actor, IAssetReference
 {
     DECLARE_SCENE_OBJECT(NavMesh);
 public:
@@ -67,7 +67,11 @@ public:
 private:
     void AddTiles();
     void RemoveTiles();
-    void OnDataAssetLoaded();
+
+    // [IAssetReference]
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
 
 private:
     bool _navMeshActive = false;

Source/Engine/Particles/ParticleEffect.cpp

@@ -16,12 +16,10 @@ ParticleEffect::ParticleEffect(const SpawnParams& params)
     : Actor(params)
     , _lastUpdateFrame(0)
     , _lastMinDstSqr(MAX_Real)
+    , ParticleSystem(this)
 {
     _box = BoundingBox(_transform.Translation);
     BoundingSphere::FromBox(_box, _sphere);
-
-    ParticleSystem.Changed.Bind<ParticleEffect, &ParticleEffect::OnParticleSystemModified>(this);
-    ParticleSystem.Loaded.Bind<ParticleEffect, &ParticleEffect::OnParticleSystemLoaded>(this);
 }
 
 void ParticleEffectParameter::Init(ParticleEffect* effect, int32 emitterIndex, int32 paramIndex)
@@ -542,18 +540,22 @@ void ParticleEffect::ApplyModifiedParameters()
     }
 }
 
-void ParticleEffect::OnParticleSystemModified()
+void ParticleEffect::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
 {
     Instance.ClearState();
     _parameters.Resize(0);
     _parametersVersion = 0;
 }
 
-void ParticleEffect::OnParticleSystemLoaded()
+void ParticleEffect::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
 {
     ApplyModifiedParameters();
 }
 
+void ParticleEffect::OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+}
+
 bool ParticleEffect::HasContentLoaded() const
 {
     if (ParticleSystem == nullptr)

Source/Engine/Particles/ParticleEffect.h

@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public:
 /// The particle system instance that plays the particles simulation in the game.
 /// </summary>
 API_CLASS(Attributes="ActorContextMenu(\"New/Visuals/Particle Effect\"), ActorToolbox(\"Visuals\")")
-class FLAXENGINE_API ParticleEffect : public Actor
+class FLAXENGINE_API ParticleEffect : public Actor, IAssetReference
 {
     DECLARE_SCENE_OBJECT(ParticleEffect);
 public:
@@ -388,6 +388,11 @@ private:
     void OnParticleSystemModified();
     void OnParticleSystemLoaded();
 
+    // [IAssetReference]
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+
 public:
     // [Actor]
     bool HasContentLoaded() const override;

Source/Engine/Physics/Colliders/Collider.cpp

@@ -20,10 +20,8 @@ Collider::Collider(const SpawnParams& params)
     , _staticActor(nullptr)
     , _cachedScale(1.0f)
     , _contactOffset(2.0f)
+    , Material(this)
 {
-    Material.Loaded.Bind<Collider, &Collider::OnMaterialChanged>(this);
-    Material.Unload.Bind<Collider, &Collider::OnMaterialChanged>(this);
-    Material.Changed.Bind<Collider, &Collider::OnMaterialChanged>(this);
 }
 
 void* Collider::GetPhysicsShape() const
@@ -294,13 +292,6 @@ void Collider::DrawPhysicsDebug(RenderView& view)
 
 #endif
 
-void Collider::OnMaterialChanged()
-{
-    // Update the shape material
-    if (_shape)
-        PhysicsBackend::SetShapeMaterial(_shape, Material);
-}
-
 void Collider::BeginPlay(SceneBeginData* data)
 {
     // Check if has no shape created (it means no rigidbody requested it but also collider may be spawned at runtime)
@@ -466,3 +457,20 @@ void Collider::OnPhysicsSceneChanged(PhysicsScene* previous)
         PhysicsBackend::AddSceneActor(scene, _staticActor);
     }
 }
+
+void Collider::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    // Update the shape material
+    if (_shape && caller == &Material)
+        PhysicsBackend::SetShapeMaterial(_shape, Material);
+}
+
+void Collider::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    Collider::OnAssetChanged(asset, caller);
+}
+
+void Collider::OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    Collider::OnAssetChanged(asset, caller);
+}

Source/Engine/Physics/Colliders/Collider.h

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class RigidBody;
 /// </summary>
 /// <seealso cref="Actor" />
 /// <seealso cref="PhysicsColliderActor" />
-API_CLASS(Abstract) class FLAXENGINE_API Collider : public PhysicsColliderActor
+API_CLASS(Abstract) class FLAXENGINE_API Collider : public PhysicsColliderActor, protected IAssetReference
 {
     API_AUTO_SERIALIZATION();
     DECLARE_SCENE_OBJECT_ABSTRACT(Collider);
@@ -154,9 +154,6 @@ protected:
     /// </summary>
     void RemoveStaticActor();
 
-private:
-    void OnMaterialChanged();
-
 public:
     // [PhysicsColliderActor]
     RigidBody* GetAttachedRigidBody() const override;
@@ -181,4 +178,9 @@ protected:
     void OnLayerChanged() override;
     void OnStaticFlagsChanged() override;
     void OnPhysicsSceneChanged(PhysicsScene* previous) override;
+
+    // [IAssetReference]
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetUnloaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
 };

Source/Engine/Physics/Colliders/MeshCollider.cpp

@@ -11,9 +11,8 @@
 
 MeshCollider::MeshCollider(const SpawnParams& params)
     : Collider(params)
+    , CollisionData(this)
 {
-    CollisionData.Changed.Bind<MeshCollider, &MeshCollider::OnCollisionDataChanged>(this);
-    CollisionData.Loaded.Bind<MeshCollider, &MeshCollider::OnCollisionDataLoaded>(this);
 }
 
 void MeshCollider::OnCollisionDataChanged()
@@ -33,8 +32,9 @@ void MeshCollider::OnCollisionDataChanged()
 
 void MeshCollider::OnCollisionDataLoaded()
 {
-    UpdateGeometry();
+    // Not needed as OnCollisionDataChanged waits for it to be loaded
-    UpdateBounds();
+    //UpdateGeometry();
+    //UpdateBounds();
 }
 
 bool MeshCollider::CanAttach(RigidBody* rigidBody) const
@@ -152,3 +152,19 @@ void MeshCollider::GetGeometry(CollisionShape& collision)
     else
         collision.SetSphere(minSize);
 }
+
+void MeshCollider::OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    Collider::OnAssetChanged(asset, caller);
+
+    if (caller == &CollisionData)
+        OnCollisionDataChanged();
+}
+
+void MeshCollider::OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller)
+{
+    Collider::OnAssetLoaded(asset, caller);
+
+    if (caller == &CollisionData)
+        OnCollisionDataLoaded();
+}

Source/Engine/Physics/Colliders/MeshCollider.h

@@ -42,4 +42,6 @@ protected:
 #endif
     void UpdateBounds() override;
     void GetGeometry(CollisionShape& collision) override;
+    void OnAssetChanged(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
+    void OnAssetLoaded(Asset* asset, void* caller) override;
 };

Source/Engine/Renderer/ColorGradingPass.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ GPU_CB_STRUCT(Data {
 ColorGradingPass::ColorGradingPass()
     : _useVolumeTexture(false)
     , _lutFormat()
-    , _shader(nullptr)
 {
 }
 

Source/Engine/Renderer/ForwardPass.cpp

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
 #include "Engine/Graphics/Shaders/GPUShader.h"
 
 ForwardPass::ForwardPass()
-    : _shader(nullptr)
+    : _psApplyDistortion(nullptr)
-    , _psApplyDistortion(nullptr)
 {
 }
 

Source/Engine/Renderer/VolumetricFogPass.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ int32 VolumetricFogGridInjectionGroupSize = 4;
 int32 VolumetricFogIntegrationGroupSize = 8;
 
 VolumetricFogPass::VolumetricFogPass()
-    : _shader(nullptr)
 {
 }