// Copyright (c) Wojciech Figat. All rights reserved.

#pragma once

#include "Engine/Core/Collections/Dictionary.h"
#include "Engine/Platform/CriticalSection.h"

/// <summary>
/// Template for unordered dictionary with mapped key with value pairs that supports asynchronous data reading and writing.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="KeyType">The type of the keys in the dictionary.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="ValueType">The type of the values in the dictionary.</typeparam>
/// <typeparam name="AllocationType">The type of memory allocator.</typeparam>
template<typename KeyType, typename ValueType, typename AllocationType = HeapAllocation>
class ConcurrentDictionary : Dictionary<KeyType, ValueType, AllocationType>
{
    friend ConcurrentDictionary;
public:
    typedef Dictionary<KeyType, ValueType, AllocationType> Base;
    typedef DictionaryBucket<KeyType, ValueType, AllocationType> Bucket;
    using AllocationData = typename AllocationType::template Data<Bucket>;
    using AllocationTag = typename AllocationType::Tag;

private:
    mutable volatile int64 _threadsReading = 0;
    volatile int64 _threadsWriting = 0;
    CriticalSection _locker;

public:
    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes an empty <see cref="ConcurrentDictionary"/> without reserving any space.
    /// </summary>
    ConcurrentDictionary()
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes an empty <see cref="ConcurrentDictionary"/> without reserving any space.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="tag">The custom allocation tag.</param>
    ConcurrentDictionary(AllocationTag tag)
        : Base(tag)
    {
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Finalizes an instance of the <see cref="ConcurrentDictionary"/> class.
    /// </summary>
    ~ConcurrentDictionary()
    {
        Clear();
    }

public:
    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the amount of the elements in the collection.
    /// </summary>
    int32 Count() const
    {
        Reader reader(this);
        return Base::_elementsCount;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the amount of the elements that can be contained by the collection.
    /// </summary>
    int32 Capacity() const
    {
        Reader reader(this);
        return Base::_size;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Tries to get element with given key.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="key">The key of the element.</param>
    /// <param name="result">The result value.</param>
    /// <returns>True if element of given key has been found, otherwise false.</returns>
    template<typename KeyComparableType>
    bool TryGet(const KeyComparableType& key, ValueType& result) const
    {
        Reader reader(this);
        typename Base::FindPositionResult pos;
        Base::FindPosition(key, pos);
        if (pos.ObjectIndex != -1)
            result = Base::_allocation.Get()[pos.ObjectIndex].Value;
        return pos.ObjectIndex != -1;
    }

public:
    /// <summary>
    /// Adds a pair of key and value to the collection.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="key">The key.</param>
    /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
    /// <returns>True if added element, otherwise false if it already exists (or other thread added it).</returns>
    template<typename KeyComparableType>
    bool Add(const KeyComparableType& key, const ValueType& value)
    {
        Writer writer(this);
        Bucket* bucket = Base::OnAdd(key, false, true);
        if (bucket)
            bucket->Occupy(key, value);
        return bucket != nullptr;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Removes element with a specified key.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="key">The element key to remove.</param>
    /// <returns>True if item was removed from collection, otherwise false.</returns>
    template<typename KeyComparableType>
    bool Remove(const KeyComparableType& key)
    {
        Writer writer(this);
        return Base::Remove(key);
    }

public:
    /// <summary>
    /// Removes all elements from the collection.
    /// </summary>
    void Clear()
    {
        Writer writer(this);
        Base::Clear();
    }

public:
    /// <summary>
    /// The read-only dictionary collection iterator.
    /// </summary>
    struct ConstIterator : Base::IteratorBase
    {
        friend ConcurrentDictionary;
    public:
        ConstIterator(const ConcurrentDictionary* collection, const int32 index)
            : Base::IteratorBase(collection, index)
        {
            if (collection)
                collection->BeginRead();
        }

        ConstIterator(const ConstIterator& i)
            : Base::IteratorBase(i._collection, i._index)
        {
            if (i.collection)
                i.collection->BeginRead();
        }

        ConstIterator(ConstIterator&& i) noexcept
            : Base::IteratorBase(i._collection, i._index)
        {
            i._collection = nullptr;
        }

        ~ConstIterator()
        {
            if (this->_collection)
                ((ConcurrentDictionary*)this->_collection)->EndRead();
        }

    public:
        FORCE_INLINE bool operator!() const
        {
            return !(bool)*this;
        }

        FORCE_INLINE bool operator==(const ConstIterator& v) const
        {
            return this->_index == v._index && this->_collection == v._collection;
        }

        FORCE_INLINE bool operator!=(const ConstIterator& v) const
        {
            return this->_index != v._index || this->_collection != v._collection;
        }

        ConstIterator& operator=(const ConstIterator& v)
        {
            this->_collection = v._collection;
            this->_index = v._index;
            return *this;
        }

        ConstIterator& operator=(ConstIterator&& v) noexcept
        {
            this->_collection = v._collection;
            this->_index = v._index;
            v._collection = nullptr;
            return *this;
        }

        ConstIterator& operator++()
        {
            this->Next();
            return *this;
        }

        ConstIterator operator++(int) const
        {
            ConstIterator i = *this;
            i.Next();
            return i;
        }

        ConstIterator& operator--()
        {
            this->Prev();
            return *this;
        }

        ConstIterator operator--(int) const
        {
            ConstIterator i = *this;
            i.Prev();
            return i;
        }
    };

    ConstIterator begin() const
    {
        ConstIterator i(this, -1);
        ++i;
        return i;
    }

    FORCE_INLINE ConstIterator end() const
    {
        return ConstIterator(this, Base::_size);
    }

private:
    void BeginWrite()
    {
        Platform::InterlockedIncrement(&_threadsWriting);

        // Wait for all reads to end
    RETRY:
        while (Platform::AtomicRead(&_threadsReading))
            Platform::Yield();

        // Thread-safe writing
        _locker.Lock();
        if (Platform::AtomicRead(&_threadsReading))
        {
            // Other reader entered during mutex locking so give them a chance to transition into active-waiting
            _locker.Unlock();
            goto RETRY;
        }
    }

    void EndWrite()
    {
        _locker.Unlock();
        Platform::InterlockedDecrement(&_threadsWriting);
    }

    void BeginRead() const
    {
    RETRY:
        Platform::InterlockedIncrement(&_threadsReading);

        // Check if any thread is writing (or is about to write)
        if (Platform::AtomicRead(&_threadsWriting) != 0)
        {
            // Wait for all writes to end
            Platform::InterlockedDecrement(&_threadsReading);
            while (Platform::AtomicRead(&_threadsWriting))
                Platform::Yield();

            // Try again
            goto RETRY;
        }
    }

    void EndRead() const
    {
        Platform::InterlockedDecrement(&_threadsReading);
    }

private:
    // Utility for methods that read-write state.
    struct Writer
    {
        ConcurrentDictionary* _collection;

        Writer(ConcurrentDictionary* collection)
            : _collection(collection)
        {
            _collection->BeginWrite();
        }

        ~Writer()
        {
            _collection->EndWrite();
        }
    };

    // Utility for methods that read-only state.
    struct Reader
    {
        const ConcurrentDictionary* _collection;

        Reader(const ConcurrentDictionary* collection)
            : _collection(collection)
        {
            _collection->BeginRead();
        }

        ~Reader()
        {
            _collection->EndRead();
        }
    };
};